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Lessons on risk management, from Europe's biggest infrastructure project.
由欧洲最大的基础设施项目带来的风险管控经验。
The eastbound platform on the Elizabeth line at Farringdon Station in central London is 30 metres below ground.
在中伦敦地区地下30米，向东的地铁站台位于伊丽莎白线上的费灵顿站。
Its length is as striking as its depth.
这个站台的长度与它的深度同样令人震惊。
At more than 200 metres, it is almost twice as long as the typical platform on the Tube.
超过200米的长度使其几乎为通常地铁站台的两倍长。
When service begins in December 2018, it will increase rail capacity in central London by 10%, thanks to the longer trains.
在2018年十二月投入使用后，由于可搭载更长的列车，这个站台将提高中伦敦地区10%的轨道运力。
Travellers nearest to the terminal stations at Reading and Heathrow, to the west of the city, and Shenfield and Abbey Wood, to the east, have a shot at the acme of commuter luxury: a seat.
旅客们不论是靠近雷丁与希思罗终点站前往城西，或靠近谢菲尔德与阿比森林前往城东，他们都能有机会得到通勤者最为奢侈的享受：一个座位。
Crossrail, as the ￡14.8bn ($19bn) infrastructure project is known, is on track to deliver other small miracles.
穿城铁路，因为该基础设施项目投入一百四十八亿英镑(约合一百九十亿美元)而为人熟知，而它将准备带来另一个奇迹。
With 85% of the work completed, the project is on-budget and on-time, in spite of its size and complexity.
项目85%的工作已经完成，即使该工程规模巨大、运作复杂，但它仍然未超出预算或延期。
The programme required ten new stations, some with passenger tunnels linking them to existing Tube lines.
这项工程要求修建十处新车站，其中一些要与旅客通道与现有的地铁线相通。
The Elizabeth line itself will snake through 13 miles (21km) of twinned tunnels, including a section under the Thames.
伊丽莎白线本身的双向隧道就将蜿蜒穿行十三英里(二十一公里)，包含位于泰晤士河一段。
Tunnelling is a risky business.
打隧道是一项高风险的工作。
You never can tell if you'll run into a hold-up.
你无法确定你是否会准时完成。
The Crossrail dig has yielded 10,000 items of interest to archaeologists.
穿城铁路挖出了考古学家感兴趣的一万多个物件。
At Farringdon the diggers found 25 skeletons, the remains of victims of the 14th-century Black Death.
在费灵顿，挖掘工人发现了二十五副骨架，它们是十四世纪黑死病罹难者的遗骸。
But there were no immovable objects.
但是这里没有出现不可移动的物体。
In fact, big surprises were rare.
实际上，大惊喜不是天天都有。
For a project this complex, a lot of preparation ( "de-risking" in the jargon) is needed before private contractors can be confident they won't encounter big obstacles, and can price a bid sensibly.
对于一个错综复杂的项目，在私人承包商确信他们不会遭遇大麻烦之前，并且可以合理定价，需要大量的准备工作(行话即“消除风险”)。
Once contracts were awarded, it was up to project managers to keep to the timetable.
一旦签署了合同，就由项目经理来确保工程与时间安排保持一致。
Unexpected delays, such as slow delivery of fittings, are managed in three ways, says Mujahid Khalid, who is in charge at Farringdon.
穆贾希德·哈里德是费灵顿片区的主管，他说诸如装置运送不及时等的意外延期有三种处理方式。
A “float” of unallocated time can be drawn upon; other tasks can be brought forward; and, as a last resort, the number of shifts can be increased.
可以对未分配的时间进行浮动;其他任务可以提前进行;再者，作为最终手段的是，加班加点地赶工。
The ground has to be prepared for the six floors of offices and shops to be built over the new station.
地面必须为新车站上方的六层楼办公室与商铺做准备。
Such “over-site” developments are part of the project's financing.
像这样“站点上方”的发展也是项目融资的一部分。
Indeed London's businesses are stumping up ￡4.1bn in a variety of ways for Crossrail.
确实，伦敦各家企业正在通过不同方式为穿城铁路掏腰包共计四十一亿英镑。
With hindsight, the sponsors might have considered charging for tours of the Farringdon site by visitors from cities seeking lessons for their own metro systems.
事后来看，赞助人也许已经考虑为来费灵顿游玩的访客收取费用，这些来自各个城市的访客们为他们自己的地铁系统发展取取经。
It would not be the only unorthodox initiative.
这个项目将不会是唯一一个非传统的倡导。
The tunnels needed eight bespoke boring machines.
隧道需要八台定制的掘进机。
Four dug their way back to surface and were sold back to Herrenknecht, the German manufacturer.
四台挖向地面，并且被卖回给了德国制造商Herrenknecht。
Four (two running eastward and two westward) reached the ends of their lines beneath Farringdon.
另外四台(两台向西，两台向东)，在费灵顿下方到达了他们各自线路的终点。
Stripped of valuable kit for recycling, the remains were left there: strange skeletons for 28th-century archaeologists to pore over.
这些机器在被剥去可有价值的用于回收的装置后，剩下的部分被留在原地：这些奇特的残骸等待着28世纪的考古学家来挖掘。
重点词组：
1.run into 遭遇;陷入
例句:They agreed to sell last year after they ran into financial problems
陷入财政困境以后，他们于去年同意出售。
2.hold-up 停顿;耽误
例句:They arrived late due to a motorway hold-up.
他们因高速公路交通堵塞迟到了。
3.in spite of 尽管
例句:In spite of great peril, I have survived.
虽然处境非常危险，我还是挺过来了。
4.thanks to 多亏
例句:Thanks to that job I became an avid reader.
多亏了那份工作我才成了一个喜欢阅读的人。
5.a variety of 各种各样的
例句:Minerals can be absorbed and utilized by the body in a variety of different forms.
人体可通过很多不同形式吸收和利用矿物质。
6.stump up 拿出;掏腰包
例句:Customers do not have to stump up any cash for at least four weeks.
顾客们至少四周内都不必付钱。
7.pore over 注视;仔细阅读
例句:AU experts pore over draft law on terrorism.
非盟专家们仔细讨论反恐法律草案。
8.in charge of 负责
例句:He is in charge of the civilian side of the UN mission.
他在联合国使团中负责平民方面的事务。
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